Culture Exercise Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Culture Exercise - Research Paper Example My great grandmother and her mother (both deceased) belonged to the Cherokee cultural group. My family is a nuclear one, and my mother (deceased) was the only child of my grandmother. My mother has three children including my sister and brother. My maternal grandmother is still living, and she is the head of the family where my elder sister, her two adult children, and five grandchildren live. My husband and I live in a separate house, and we have †¦ children. Language formulations All our family members speak, read, and write English; it is the primary language we use. The closest language formulation I could identify is the use of slang by my family members. It seems that none of my family members uses the language of Ebonics. Some common Cherokee slang is unique to this Native American tribal group, and they have originated as local dialects within the US Cherokee communities. The slang we use may be unfamiliar to someone who does not belong to this family culture. Religious belief system My family of origin follows a particular religious belief system. Our religious practices or denominations include Baptist, Holiness, and Christian Methodist Episcopal. There are no additional special rituals. Religious belief is particularly important to the family because it notably influences the way the family members lead their life. Except the religious belief system, no specific philosophy is followed by my family. Admittedly, the intensity of religious belief is declining from generation to generation. Power holder in the family In our family culture, female is the head of the most of the households because male members are absent from family due to their choice. In some cases, male members are not present in the family due to increased substance abuse or imprisonment. Today, many African American leaders are vehemently working to make male members aware of the importance of family living. They also strive to enable women to choose mates who would help raise th e family. Although my grandmother is the matron of the family, each household enjoys the power to make its own decisions. Female members are the decision makers in the family because male members pay less attention to family affairs. Individual importance As per the current family structure, primary importance is given to individuals rather than the family unit. However, this family philosophy is subjected to changes under certain circumstances. To illustrate this, there is a shift of focus from individuals to the family unit with the death of my grandmother’s brother on 22nd May 2013. Once everything associated with this death is resolved, the focus will be shifted to individuals again. Every individual has unique views; hence, he/she perceives and deals with things differently. I give more importance to the family unit than individuals. Therefore, I primarily focus on the needs of my grandmother, husband, and my children. Celebration of holidays The thanksgiving celebration is the major celebration of the family. For this celebration, every family member gathers at grandmother’s home. Usually, we all do not gather at a place for any other celebration. However, it seems that family members living outside grandmother’s home usually celebrate Christmas, Easter, and other special occasions at their own homes. Special rituals My grandmother’s grandmother was a slave and was not allowed to practice her traditional ways. As a result, her children were

Lessons for Auditors and Regulators from the WorldCom Fraud Essay

Lessons for Auditors and Regulators from the WorldCom Fraud - Essay Example The fraud was undertaken by representing line costs as capital, rather than expenses and inflating revenue on the financial statements. However, a team of internal auditors later on came to discover the fraudulent representation of financial statements and notified the Company’s board of directors and audit committee, who acted swiftly although the company had already become bankrupt (Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht & Zimbelman, 2011, 457). Lessons from WorldCom Fraud Lessons learnt from WorldCom fraud presents a broad range of issues to put into consideration such as, the importance of fraud auditors to have knowledge and an understanding of corporate systems and processes. Lessons have it that routine internal audit processes may not expose fraud, since auditors focus on providing assurance with respect to effective controls, rather than detecting irregularities as `possibilities of fraud. Fraud auditors should actively seek to identify irregularities and anomalies as indicator s of fraudulent behaviors among financial executives and general corporate staff, and use the knowledge to undertake further in-depth analysis to root out fraud. Fraud detection in corporate organisations relies on the knowledge and understanding of auditing and detection by officials of the fraud background, fraud schemes, principles, and indicators (Singleton & Singleton, 2010, p.145). WorldCom internal auditors were well conversant with the organisation’s culture and choices of recording the financial statement, which helped them immediately to recognise the $2 billion operating cost recorded as a fixed asset. This came out as a red flag unlike the normal culture of the organisation, more so when an official referred to the expenditure as prepaid capacity. Auditors’ understanding of the normal organisations culture was able to detect the omission of lease line cost in the operating expense account as a fraud (Rezaee & Riley, 2010, p.212). However, new loopholes in f inancial statements often require auditors to improve and devise new ways of detecting fraud, since past indicators may not be applicable in future fraud cases. Corporate fraud has continuously advanced with the computerisation of operations, and thus requires fraud auditors to be proactive in improving their fraud detection schemes. Corporations need to put in place mechanisms for assessing fraud as an organisation’s risk, and approach the risks using relevant internal audit methodologies. Fraud auditors should also be seen with regard to the presence of indicators of fraud, and design relevant controls and prevention methods of fraud. However, proactive fraud seeking auditing activities may be costly for organisations, though not comparable to extent of loss in case of successful fraud. Cost involved may include knowledge expansion in the area of fraud detection and more so, the use of electronic-detection tools. Internal auditors have the mandate to understand an organisat ion’s corporate culture, conditions, and choices that may have been used by fraudsters in engaging in financial statement fraud. Such an understanding would go a long way in providing accurate indicators of fraud and possible fraud in future of the organization's inconsistency with fraud risk levels that organizations face (Rezaee & Riley, 2010, p.213).  

The Role Of Mental Health Nurses Nursing Essay

The Role Of Mental Health Nurses Nursing Essay Finally there will be identification of the relevant skills and knowledge that was gained as a result of the series of this encounter. I will identify CASH model, for further knowledge and skills in my training. I will adhere to confidentiality issue in line with the Nursing and Midwifery Code of professional conduct (The Code, 2008) therefore pseudonyms will be used throughout in the commentary. Recovery is a deeply personal, unique process of changing ones attitudes, values, feelings, goals, skills and/or roles. It is a way of living a satisfying, hopeful, and contributing life even with limitations caused by the illness. (Boardman, 2010) The journey of recovery may have ups and downs but a period of illness does not necessarily mean that recovery stops it may in fact be part of the longer-term process of growth and development(Repper Perkins, 2003) Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (2008) states that the principles of recovery is about building a meaningful and satisfying life as defined by the person whether or not there is reoccurring symptoms or problems, recovery is a movement away from pathology illnesses and symptoms of health strength and wellness. Rethink (2008) also suggested four important component of recovery as finding, maintaining hope i.e. believing in ones self, optimistic about the future, re-establishing of a positive identity, building a meaningful life, taking responsibility and control . Fredrick, a 41 year old gentleman of African origin who struggles with drug addiction, came into contact with the drug and alcohol services for treatment informally. Fredrick was living in a hostel and was well known to the service. At the initial interview Fredrick stated that his childhood was bad and his parents separated when he was still a little child. His grandmother was responsible for his upbringing. Fredrick declined to give information regarding his parents. He further confirmed that his drug addiction started when he separated from his partner, the mother of his three children. He became anxious when he became unemployed and was unable to get back to work. Fredrick said he has a prison record for shop lifting, he said he did this to sustain his drug addiction. At the assessment, the nurse asked Fredrick why he was just coming into treatment now, what has he been doing for the past two months and what does he want from the services? because he was informal. I felt that the question was aggressive due to the way the nurse was asking him. Positive reinforcement and rewards such as praise from others have been suggested as improving self-esteem (Logan 1985). Huberman and OBrien (1999) found that positive reinforcement was one of the factors that resulted in improvements in the work of therapists and in the progress of patients in mental health. Positive reinforcement can be used here to reward Fredrick for coming in that was what the nurse should have asked him, how he has been coping and what has kept him going for the last two months, this can be his strength and which can use to plan and work collaboratively with him. Shepherd (2007) states that we should encourage self-management of mental health issues by providing information, reinforcing existing coping strategies. Perkins, (2007) also stated that clients may be encouraged to write down their symptoms and coping strategies, by focusing on small steps for change, increase their sense of self control over distressing events (Scips 5.4.3). The nurse discussed with Fredrick various options which was recommended by NICE, (2005) guidelines (SCiP 5.3.1) valuing the need for evidenced based practice such as abstinence based treatment, those that can help him to stop taking drugs, harm reduction; those that reduce the risk involved in using drugs and maintenance treatment, that is taking opioid substitute. The nurse reflected on the issue of pharmacology intervention for detoxification. NICE, (2007a) and the D.O.H 2007 guidelines recommend that methadone or Buprenorphine should be offered as the first choice of treatment. The nurse also reflected on the key ingredient of recovery-oriented practice, provide by Borg and Kristiansen (2004). The nurse discussed what he hopes to achieve through treatment and giving him information and various options (SCiP5.4.2) providing good meaningful choice and collaboration, the nurse was also able to give Fredrick information which enables him to make informed choice and also manage his ris k appropriately, treat him with respect regardless of his problem. The NMC of professional conduct (2002) explains that you must respect the patients as an individual. This means that you look at all the diverse elements that make up a patient. This provides the basis of holism. Siviter (2004) outlines that holism and holistic care look at the patient as a whole person, with distinctive and individual needs and condition. Holism ensures the nurse to see more than just the situation the patients are in care. It encourages them to look at the way the patients feel, what is paramount to them and their families, their living condition and their beliefs. It focuses on their spiritual, emotional, physiological, psychological and cultural needs. This ensures the care given meets all patients needs in a respectful and dignified way. Fredrick was prescribed Methadone since that was his choice he was titrated for three days, and he comes in for observation for possible side effect or withdrawals symptoms daily. The nurse gave him information and leaflets on the medication (SCiP 5.4.2). The nurse also reflected on the key ingredient of recovery-oriented practice, provided by Borg and Kristiansen (2004). I felt this was a good example of empowering him to take responsibility of his treatment. Tunmore and Thomas states that care plan can be used as a therapeutic tool, and also as a means of engaging clients and family in care. My skills has improved by using the tenets of recovery as stated by various authors and the chief nursing officers review of mental health putting values into practice, improving outcomes for service users and working as a positive modern professional. I also learnt that recovery does not necessarily mean cure but it is when someone is able to leave a normal life despite an illness or disability. I will continue to update myself with available evidence in order to deliver a patient centre care and improve my skills and practice. My working with the nurse and Fredrick, I was able to apply recovery approach in according to the Chief Nursing Officer review (D.O.H.. 2007), using best based available evidence by NICE and the D.O.H drug and substance misuse and I was able to establish and sustain a trusting, meaningful, therapeutic and collaborative relationship with the nurse and Fredrick by involving him in planning his care, these according to (NIHME 2005) needs to be the core to all relationships. I was also able to give Fredrick information which enables him to make informed choice and also manage his risk appropriately like. I have being able to treat him with respect regardless of his problem and my interventions have been evidenced based. I was not too confident in working with Fredrick since I was still training so I have to work under supervision of the nurse and I also lacked the knowledge of Motivational interviewing (MI) such as not cohering the client into taking decision but after discussion with the psychologist, reading researches, I now feel confident in using MI in my practice when I qualify. It will comprise of reading literatures and journals on how to build a therapeutic relationship. To read more on motivational interviews techniques and relapse prevention management, enhance my skills and practice. In conclusion this reflection has discussed my therapeutic encounter with a client I worked with who is drug dependant. It highlighted how I was able to build a therapeutic relationship by collaboration with Fredrick to address his drug use using the best based evidence supported by NICE guidelines and UK clinical guidelines for drug misuse, the NTA model to stabilize and maintain him. The reflection also discussed how the professionals (nurses) were able to enable and support recovery from drug use and able to live a meaningful life. These were achieved by using the tenets of recovery as stated by various authors and the chief nursing officers review of mental health putting values into practice, improving outcomes for service users and working as a positive modern professional. Recovery does not necessarily mean cure but it is when someone is able to leave a normal life despite an illness or disability.

The Slave Trade :: essays research papers fc

Intro: Slavery, the owning of slaves as a practice or institution. The condition of being a slave, bondage, servitude. Slave, a human who is owned as property by, and is absolutely subject to the will of another: bondservant divested of all freedom and personal rights. Hard to believe but on of the most horrifying occurances in World History, is the Slave Trade. It was a time in which people were sold as merchandise, where human beings were being treated as if they were not human. Beaten, being taken on a ship to an unknown land, drowned because of rations, and space, inhumane........ yes, unrealistic........ no. What was it? The capture and forced labor of Africans by Europeans began in the early 16th century. Africans were rounded up by other Africans as objects of trade with the Europeans. Eventually, slave ships became a regular sight in what came to be known as "the Middle Passage." These ships provided a constant flow of African slaves to Brazil and the Caribbean Isla nds, where the human cargo was auctioned off and brought to Europe or the New World.. Many of the ships wee not cleaned. The "cargo" was not feed or cleansed properly. Many captives died from the inhuman conditions on these voyages. Who had control? England gained control of the slave trade under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, and managed the shipment of slaves to Spanish colonies. As the colonies gained independence from Spain, they outlawed slavery, and soon slaves were most in demand in North America, particularly on plantations. Few were fortunate enough to be house servants; most performed menial labor in the fields. How did it end? As far back as the mid-1500s, Jean Bodin, a French political philosopher, condemned the institution of slavery as immoral and unnatural.

Mixed Schools Essay

Education is the most powerful weapon which people can use to change the world. Mixed school, also known as co-educational schools is seen to be beneficial for both sexes. Therefore academic performance in a mixed school is likely to be seen good as compared to a single sex school. This is due more social and academical interaction between the two sexes, and also students starts to get more self-esteem. However, it is important to recognize that a mixed school is not the answer to all academic purposes due to social interaction because it also presents some important disadvantages as well as the usual advantages. These essay theories the arguments against and for mixed school. Firstly, peer pressure is a common disadvantage found in a mixed school. Although interacting and socializing with peers is good, but into some extent it can be bad because some students can be easily lead to breaking rules. Therefore academic performances can suddenly decrease as students’ starts to con centrate on unnecessary things such as truancy. These shows lack of judgment and discipline thoughts and actions effects decision that a student have, thus peer pressure will contradict the set of behavior that is worth living. In many schools ,there are students indulging and involving themselves in peer pressure and their actions often reveals lack of moral and discipline in them (Toru, 2001). For instance, students start to play truant and follows friends to do unnecessary staff such as smoking or playing with other students etc. In these case students have to be monitored well by teachers in order to prevent students from playing truancy during school hours. Therefore students should be cautious, on how they interpret and socialize with their peers or otherwise they will be influenced and motivated by their peers that allow distractions into their academic curriculum. Additionally, the second point is Gender Violence .In mixed school students are more concerned with relationship than academic purposes. Some students, especially the senior students have in mind that it is necessary to have a relationship .This students will be concerned with how they look to make them attractive to others promoting their desires to the opposite sex. Having relationships is said to be an influential factor towards students’ academic work and relationship is present in all schools and teachers cannot do much about it for such an issue is not their concerned business. If we look precisely in the world that is constantly  changing ,students adapt to different learning environment that determine their capabilities of becoming a successful learner diminish at appoint when they starts to have relationships .With relationships students get to experiences sexual longings that turns negative at the end. For instance, statistics in schools in Canada show that we are two Canadian women will experiences at least one incident of physical or sexual violence in lifetime .Obviously the signs are there to in dicate a fragmented society, but students should drown in a sea of negativity and mobilize against sexual violence (Ann, 2012). Education is the key and it must be a vital part of awareness campaigns in mixed schools, our many neighborhoods and public meeting places for religious and cultural and recreational activities. Furthermore, the third point is that mixed school does not combat segregation. Mixing primary schools can only be successful if neighborhoods are mixed as well and only primary school is mixed and secondary are not. Mixing is hard to achieve because freedom is threatened by enforcing mixing schools. Mixing schools makes teachers work more complex, because politicians are afraid that too much attention is being paid to mixing and not enough to good education. Solving the problem of segregation is not the primary responsibility of education and society cannot be shaped, and class differences will therefore always exist (Gopal, 2013). Politicians think that mixing is unnecessary, a mixed school demands a lot from teachers: specific skills, affinities, time and energy and in addition to being an educator, teachers need to fulfill childrearing and social worker tasks. However, this essay has considered disadvantages (against) mixed school and will now consider the advantages (for).Mixed schools improves students’ academic performances through social interaction skills during school hours with opposite sex. Therefore mixing increases students’ opportunities to develop. Equally, the advantages of mixed school are that mixing increases student’s opportunities to develop. Weaker students can benefit from the support of stronger student’s and stronger students can learn more by explaining lesson materials to weaker students. Students will diverse backgrounds get the same opportunities for good education. Beside it increases opportunities for disadvantage students, while retaining these for advantage students. It can reduce the social and cultural gap between students where they contact with societies diversities at an early age. They  learn to get along with people of varied cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. Another point is that parents want the best for their child to grow up in an environment that has the least amount of segregation possible. Parents feel that sending their children to a mixed school will help them learn how to cope with diversity. It also has advantage for parents, where they do not have to flee to a non-mixed school just for their children to cope with diversity. Parents from diverse background come in contact with one another that somehow promote cultural wellbeing for various cultural purposes. Mixing is a way of fighting segregation that promotes the acceptance of diversity in society. It also contributes to the emancipation of cultural minorities and disadvantaged groups. Finally, letting boys and girls go to mixed schools makes both genders mingle with each other and impose a positive influence on interpersonal relationship when being in front of the other. For instance, a female student in a mixed school would not have a feeling of shy or embarrassment, but instead have confidence when having a conversation with a male student. The experiences that students in a mixed school have is that, when the two opposite sexes are studying together in the same school, it will certainly be an advantage for them, when they start working since both of the sexes have many opportunities to work together in modern society. Thus, boys and girls would benefit from attending mixed schools because they can practice their social interaction skills. In conclusion, there are disadvantages and advantages of mixed school where by the disadvantages are peer pressure, Gender violence and combat segregation. The advantages of mixed school are that mixing increases students’ opportunities to develop; secondly parents want the best for their children and lastly students gaining more confidence .However, according to the advantages, mixed schools increase the progressing of students’ academic work by the social interaction between the two sexes. In addition, this helps students to gain more confidence in them. So as attending a mixed school students tend to get high self-esteem. As to finish off it is true that mixed school increase academic purposes.

Health as a human right Essay

The observed recent advancement in preventive, primary health care, early intervention programs, coordinated health care trials in Australia as well a the population health developments have tried to explore the possibility of changing the current emphasis of health care from the responsive acute care to the more integrated system where the entire whole population is managed for the well being of all (Michael2003). In this concept it is thus generally accepted that much of the illnesses experienced in the communities are preventable or can be managed in a more constructive manner rather than the way it has been up to today. From this view therefore, much of the disabling illnesses need not occur but rather be avoided through the better managed models, lifestyle changes and education programs (Hugh 2003). Health and wellbeing In this modern world that is becoming more and more business oriented, the idea of prevention rather than cure seems to be more appealing due to the quality of life that the individual leads as well as the health outcomes in general (Flowers 2002). A costly health care is avoided when prevention is given the first priority while at the same time helping the community to better understand how to live a more fulfilling life (Keyes 2002). The opposite to prevention would to continue to respond to the emerging health problems at a much more expense and to thus accept that a great amount of GDP would be spent on health care not forgetting that this would degrade the quality of life that the citizen lead. It is in this light therefore that the concept of a better sustainable natural health environment turns out to be even more appealing hence carrying a greater part of the community priorities (Hugh 2003). This calls for a greater consumer participation where the awareness of what supports a healthy/unhealthy lifestyle is taught to all. But though very attractive, one realistically questions if this is a workable context (Michael2003). It has been noted that the social inequality is increasingly characterizing the Australian society and thus the main concern here is that the economy may not be able in the future to support the living standards that the Australians are used to (Richard2002). For the rural communities, the problems seem be doubled. In the rural communities, the wealth that they used to create is diminishing and what used to be the rural production in Australia is now continuously being replaced with a dominating mineral industry. It was only until the early 1980s that agricultural products used to be the single most important source of income for most of the Australian community. The rapid growth of the mineral industry has replaced agriculture to an extent that the earnings from mining nearly double those from agriculture (Hugh 2003). This reduced generation of income in the rural community implies that the distribution of wealth will definitely be affected (Flowers 2002). Some observers have linked a sustainable economy to a sustainable health. Australia is however still not yet a nation that does recognize the great importance of linking the wellbeing of the general community to the economic activities (Smart and Sanson 2005). Though this be the case, the European population could maybe be regarded as the healthiest population as it enjoys a life expectancy of over 80 years (Keyes 2002). Good health and expanding economies are two ideas that are mutually compatible and thus are able to co-exist though this is not yet achieved. From this perception thus, a principle of sustainability in an environmental and economic sense can be generated and be considered to apply both equally to the ideology of shaping the health care system as well as coming up with a preventive approach to the wellbeing of the community (Hugh 2003). The Australian health system has like the education system become institutionalized and thus does no longer serve the community needs (Flowers 2002). In this regard, it is no longer able to respond to the values of as well as aspirations of the people but on the centrally alienates them from the control of their own values and consciousness (Keyes 2002). This has been the case since when the health system are under the control of institutions, then the power of the individual to determine how they exists within these structure is lost and with this kind of loss, such society ills as stigma cannot be avoided (Michael2003). It is within these communities where a strong move towards an economically rational view of capital as well as of service provision is upheld (Richard2002). In this view when the health system is seen as a ‘marketable good’ just any sector such as education, then the view of taking health care to be a public good cannot be put in question. From the WORLD health Organization, health is defined as the state of complete mental, physical, social well being and thus not just the absence of an infirmity or disease (Smart and Sanson 2005). Since most of the modern perspective is financially based, then even the health system is planed from this perspective. It is not possible to attain the vision of a well society while at the same time one is not realistically considering the all elements that would be required to make such a realization a possibility (Hugh 2003). It is within the human rights framework where the guidance of how to respond to the public health challenges is supposed to come from. Wellbeing is often measure interms of satisfaction in life and happiness (Richard2002). Wellbeing is actually about having and maintaining a meaning in life; being able to fulfill our potential and thus feel that our lives are a worthwhile. Our subjective or personal wellbeing is usually determined by our genes, social conditions, personal choices and circumstances as well as the complex manner in which all of these interact with one another (Flowers 2002). By affecting our personality, genes influence our wellbeing. This could thus translate to such traits as neuroticism and extraversion that are all associated with a lower and higher wellbeing respectively (Keyes 2002). Since the genetic influences here are not immutable or fixed, they are frequently shaped by the environment, upbringing, general conditions of life and the personal experiences. In regard to health, most of the characteristic and qualities that are related to the wellbeing of a person are also related to the health of the individual. Thus wellbeing has been regarded as one that does play a central role in enhancing health through the direct effect in such processes as the immune system, physiology, diet, exercise, drinking, smoking and other lifestyle behavior (Michael2003). The question of what cause what then emerges (Hugh 2003). A human right approach Human rights can be considered from two levels. First from the international system of treaties and from a conceptual framework that shapes the action (Richard2002). In Australia, the Consumers Health Forum of Australia (CHF) is what is concerned with the voicing the concerns of health consumers. Being an independent non-governmental organization it mainly shapes the Australian health system by having the consumers involved in the health policies (Smart and Sanson 2005). If the health sector and the wellbeing of the citizens is taken from a wider view, then it is possible to invest more resources in a more effective manner so as to optimize these benefits to the whole community (Flowers 2002). Adopting this concept would require the identification of some of the key elements that would encompass a healthy society from which it would be expected that health individuals would live in. some of these concepts include but are not limited to; 1. recognizing the impact and role of work in the wellbeing of the individuals. 2. enhancing more consumer participation and improving community education. 3. Coming up with policies that will enhance a healthy sustainable environment both social and natural. 4. ecognizing the major role that the lifestyle choice plays in enhancing the community as well as individuals wellbeing. 5. implementing early prevention and intervention programs in a more extensive manner rather than having to wait to have endpoint interventions. 6. promoting the idea of having to a lead a qualitative kind of life as opposed to the quantitative view. Such a approach to a sustainable health system will be a gradual process. Many of the factors that contribute to the well being of the individual are interrelated (Michael2003). The relationship between these factors are in most cases reciprocal. A good example is the observation that happier people are more likely than the depressed sad families to do better work, have more friends, and even earn higher income. The interrelation of these factors with well being are quite clear. As work offer purpose in life, unemployment is associated with a loss of income. Other factors such as being religious offer a good flow of social connections, sense of purpose, spiritual support and a moral code that eventually sums up to the wellbeing of the person (Hugh 2003). The lack of one of these factors sometime is compensated though partly by the presence of the other. It has been estimated that an average Australian rates their satisfaction and general happiness to about 75 per cent. Of late, the Australian government has stated that a growing strong economy is their main responsibility and goal. Economic growth has in the past been associated with the indicators of better health, wellbeing and a high quality of life. In this regard, it is globally accepted that money matters most as it does help people to meet their basic needs (Flowers 2002). The link between health, law and human rights. Health systems in all sectors of life can be analyzed for the impact they have on equality, human dignity and freedom as well as how effective they are in treating or preventing disease or ill health (Smart and Sanson 2005). The close association that is there between law and health is rarely fully appreciated by the health care providers (Hugh 2003). The law and in particular that which is mainly concerned with the provision of human rights should be well understood by the health care providers who are usually reluctant to engage in it so as to be better placed to improve health care quality (Michael2003). If this is to be achieved then the following need to be achieved; 1. Ensure that all persons are empowered as well as informed to make responsible decisions regarding medical care and treatment on the basis of a genuinely informed consent. 2. Take all appropriate administrative and legislative measures to ensure that all people enjoy the right of attaining the highest possible health standard without any form of discrimination. 3. take all administrative measures to ensure that access to healthcare facilities is made possible to all persons (Flowers 2002). Conclusion Just like the wider economic system, health care is increasingly becoming concerned with prevention, sustainability, early intervention as well as the long-term management of the wellbeing of its citizens. This would imply having to move health care issues beyond the reactionary crisis that is mainly based on acute care model and thus in its place have a more integrated program that is based on preventive care. This can be accomplished on the recognition that ‘health’ is usually a function of various environmental and social variables. To prevent the health care from collapsing in the future due to the heavy weight of acute care needs, health professional must become more involved in the education, community care, self-management, prevention as well enhance the consumer empowerment processes. It is worth noting much of the illnesses today in the health sector such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and the respiratory diseases are all preventable or manageable if not totally preventable and thus it is within the realistic aim to lessen the burden.

Roger and me oppinion essay essays

Roger and me oppinion essay essays I thought that Roger and Me was a pretty good movie considering that it was a documentary. I didnt really like the directors approach to the movie, I thought that because of the way he did it was too jumpy. I also think that it probably would have been much better with a professional photographer, because the person who did the camera work couldnt hold the camera still. Though I suppose that he had to do with he had so that is forgivable. The content in the movie was pretty good I think that he really got the point across. My favorite part of the movie was where she skinned and gutted the rabbit. I know it grossed most people out but I thought that it was interesting to see how it was done. It was a smart move for the president of General Motors to close down the factories in Flint and build new ones in Mexico where he could pay the workers less. Though this doesnt mean that I agree with what he did. I thought it was really bad thing to do to the people and the town that had worked for him for so long. He probably could have opened some factories in Mexico without having to close down so many factories in the U. S.. Also if they were closing down so many factories then they should have had a much better plan to help out the employees that they were laying off. The plan would have been to pay them enough to keep them on their feet wile the found new jobs and help them find new jobs. I thought it was really sad when the sheriff had to evict so many people especially those he evicted right before Christmas. Its terrible the horrible conditions they were already living in then he throws them out onto the streets to live in even worse conditions. I also thought that it was really rude for the president of General Motors to avoid talking to the director. After how many times he had tried to get in to see him youd think they would have noticed that he really wanted to see the pr...

10 Facts on Waste Management for an Environment Project

10 Facts on Waste Management for an Environment Project The speed at which waste is produced globally has been identified as one of the issues that have the ability to threaten public health and the earth’s ecosystem if not properly managed. And despite the threat poor waste management policies possess to our global well-being, the subject matter does not come up in political debates. Only implicitly in UNICEF’s sustainable development goals and sparingly on media outlets which means it is left to individuals to highlight its danger to earth’s ecosystem. Therefore, if you are one of those individuals saddled with the responsibility to talk about waste management, it is imperative that you have a good understanding of what it means as well as get your facts right when discussing its impact on the globe. In turn, this article is written to provide you with an armoryof facts on waste management for your project. But before going into the details, here is a definition of the term waste management. Wastes are unwanted or unusable materials and they include any substance discarded after primary use or are worthless and of no use. Waste management on the other hand are all the activities or processes put in place to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal and here are some facts about waste management on the global stage. Here are the 10 facts on waste management: Waste and requires proper management. The need for effective waste management systems can only be truly understood if one understands the amount of waste produced by humans. Statistics show that in the United States, the average person throws away 600 times the amount of his or her adult weight. While in the UK, the average person throws away his or her body weight in waste every seven weeks which creates the need for effective waste management systems. Human waste consists of paper. Every year, humans produce 3% more waste than that in the previous year and in 25 years, it is estimated that we will double the amount of waste we produce. Global waste consists mainly of paper which makes up approximately a fifth of the waste produced by a household, while glass and plastic bags make up a tenth of the produced waste. Electronic waste and management. Statistics show that globally, 50 million tonnes of electronic waste are produced on a yearly basis. These waste which consist of TVs, stereos and kitchen appliances are usually dumped in landfill sites or into the ocean. The waste management policies yield damaging results. Managing the waste humans produce is a human responsibility and in cases where this responsibility has been overlooked dire health and environmental situations were recorded. In Italy, poor waste management policies led to the closure of businesses and increased death rate among the people of Naples for 2 decades (1994-2014). In Surat, India poor waste management resulted in a plague-like epidemic which caused 56 deaths and the cancellation of the Deepavali festival. Statistics show that India may have lost approximately $2billion in estimated economic functions. Poor waste management leads to pollution of international waterways. In developing countries as well as some developed nations, electronic and solid wastes usually get dumped into the ocean and are hazardous to the environment. 45,000 tons of plastic are dumped into the world’s oceans yearly. Paper cups which are usually coated with wax thereby reducing their biodegradability are in most cases dumped in streams and these ultimately pollute the world’s waterways. Creating recyclable products support effective waste management. Although paper makes up the largest part of the waste produced in domestic settings, it is important to note that two-thirds of the paper waste we trash is recyclable while paper bags take over 100 years to decompose while glass on the other hand takes hundreds of years to decompose. This is why most production outlets are clamping down on the use of glass and paper bags as packaging options. Recycling is important as a waste management procedure. Recycling is a very effective means of managing waste and studies have shown that recycling one tonne of cardboard saves 390 kWh of energy and 1.1 barrel of oil. Recycling Aluminium also saves 14,000 kWh, 39.6 barrels of oil and 10 cubic yards of landfill space. Recycling Paper saves 4,100 kWh of energy, 9 barrels of oil, 7,000 gallons of water and 17 trees which goes to show the effectiveness of recycling in waste management. Recycling is being handled on a national level. Despite the widespread campaign on achieving a greener earth through recycling, most western countries still lag behind in implementing it. The United States recycles approximately 25% of its waste and the UK recycles approximately 30% of its waste. Encouragingly though, EU nations such as Switzerland, Holland and Germany recycle approximately 60% of their produced waste. Managing solid waste is pivotal. poor management of solid waste is responsible for a host of unhealthy situations such as gas emissions, overflowing landfills and water pollution which makes managing it very important. Studies show that the proper use of recycling, landfill mitigation and diversions can reduce greenhouse emissions globally by 10 to 15%. Also, implementing waste prevention such as unnecessary gas flaring can take account for another 10% reduction in gas emissions. Waste management expectations for the future are still under development. a survey conducted by the World Waste magazine and statistics show that 53% of landfill site owners expect their landfills to be open in the next 10 years. 12% expect their landfill sites to be open for the next 5 to 9 years while 26% believe that waste management practices would have evolved in 3 to 4 years and the need for landfills will be eliminated. This survey paints a rather promising future for waste management by the year 2030. Here we come to the end of the 10 facts on waste management which you can put to use in your project on the environment. In addition to these facts, are two other articles which will provide you with project topics as well as a genre guide on how to go about writing an environmental project of waste management. References: Juliette, J. (2010). Recycling still the most effective waste disposal method, report finds https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/mar/16/recycling-waste-disposal Jayasinghe, R. Baliie, C. (2010). The garbage crisis, 8-10. Wagner, T. Arnold, P. (2008). A new model for solid waste management: An analysis of the Nova Scotia MSW strategy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(4), 410-421. World Bank. (2012). Urban Development What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. Retrieved from http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2 Peeranart, K. (2013). Electronic waste management approaches: An overview. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X13000147 Morris, J. (2005). Comparative LCAs for curbside recycling versus either landfilling or incineration with energy recovery. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 10(4), 273-284 Kaciak, E. Kushner, J. (2011). Determinants of residents’ recycling behaviour. International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 8.

Simple French Verb Conjugations for Louer (to Rent)

Simple French Verb Conjugations for Louer (to Rent) The French verb  louer  means to rent. When you need to say rented, renting, or will rent a conjugation is required. French students will be delighted to know that this ones pretty easy because it follows the most common verb conjugation pattern found in the language. Conjugations of the French Verb  Louer Louer is a regular -er verb and the endings required in the conjugations follow the pattern of similar words. If you know how to conjugate inviter (to invite), fumer (to smoke), or any other verbs that end in -er, then this will be an easy lesson. The trick to French verb conjugations is that the ending changes with the subject pronoun as well as the past, future, or present tense. First, you must identify the verb stem and in this case, that is  lou-.   With that information, follow the table to discover the appropriate endings for each form of  louer. For example, I am renting is je loue and we will rent is nous louerons. Practicing these in context using simple sentences will make them easier to memorize. Subject Present Future Imperfect je loue louerai louais tu loues loueras louais il loue louera louait nous louons louerons louions vous louez louerez louiez ils louent loueront louaient The Present Participle of  Louer The present participle of louer  is louant. This was formed by simply adding -ant  to the verb stem. Beyond its use as a verb, it can also become an adjective, gerund, or noun when needed. The Passà © Composà © and Past Participle The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common way to express the past tense in French. Its very easy and requires the use of the  past participle  louà ©. In order to complete the construction, conjugate the auxiliary verb  avoir  to fit the subject pronoun. For instance, I rented becomes jai louà © while we rented is nous avons louà ©. Notice how ai  and avons are conjugates of avoir, yet the past participle does not change. More Simple Louer  Conjugations to Learn Those are the most important conjugations of  louer  that you should know. Once you learn those, consider studying these other simple forms. The subjunctive verb mood is used when the action of renting is uncertain. Similarly, the conditional verb mood implies that the renting will only happen if something else does. In formal French writing, you will likely come across the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive as these are literary verb forms. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je loue louerais louai louasse tu loues louerais louas louasses il loue louerait loua lout nous louions louerions loumes louassions vous louiez loueriez loutes louassiez ils louent loueraient lourent louassent The imperative verb form is used in short demands and exclamations. When using it, skip the subject pronoun: use loue instead of tu loue. Imperative (tu) loue (nous) louons (vous) louez

Defending your case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defending your case - Essay Example It is a form of post traumatic relationship, where the female can go to being paranoid because of the trauma she is experiencing from the pains of the relationship. Domestic violence is actually listed as a disease, albeit not an organic one. It is a disease because it causes pain and mental stress to the victim. To be called a â€Å"battered woman† a female should have two cycles of battering. There are no statistics that show the rate of the victims of Battered Women’s Syndrome. However, there are statistics that show that 50% of all the homeless women in the States are fleeing domestic violence. Statistics also show that men beat almost 4 million women every year. They are all helpless, and as part of the syndrome, they even stick with their partners even if they are abused. However, there are those who manage to kill their abusive partners as part of survival. Unfortunately, that accounts for a criminal case. Looking through history, we can see that Domestic Violence is not new. In fact, it is permitted. Women were always seen as the inferior sex and this made the men more confident in lording over women. In ancient Roman history, the husband is permitted to use force like breaking his wife’s nose to discipline her. The English principle of coverture actually commodified women: they are properties too. Lastly, and perhaps the most infamous law regarding Domestic Violence is the Rule of Thumb. It was in the Common Law of England that states that a man can beat his wife as long as the stick used is not wider than his thumb. The Battered Woman Defense is not regarded highly in courts. Why? The main argument of the judiciary system is this â€Å"the females do not get out of the abusive relationship early on†. The judiciary system is implying that these females killed the [abusive] man because they are indeed murderous people, not saving their lives as what the females say. Looking at the symptoms of

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 15

Project management - Essay Example 2014). Leadership styles differ by organisations and the task that is being carried out. This section of the essay will discuss these leadership styles and conclude on the most effective style that a leader should practice when dealing with his or her employees (O’Connor & Yballe 2007). The authoritarian leadership style entails a leader making all the decisions regarding the project and passing the directives to the employees. The employees are further expected to carry out the directives under close and strict supervision. The subordinates should not question the directives and should ensure that each instruction apply to the letter. In such leadership, innovation and creativity from the employees is not put into practice since the leader does not take into consideration the views of the employees (MÃ ¤kilouko 2004). There are all sorts of control measures from the management such as punishments, task orientation, rewards and arbitrary rules. The leadership assumes that the manager knows it all and is sure of what is best for the organisation (Curran & Niedergassel 2011). Democratic leadership style entails a structured and cooperative system that has space for employees to make decisions. Much focus is directed to group relations and the sensitivity of the employees in the organisation (Avolio et al. 2009). The leader who practices such type of style in his or her leadership requires professional competence. The employees take responsibility of their actions, and the leader must not be there to supervise like in the authoritarian leadership style. The subordinates share ideas with the manager and the entire team concerning activities that the project has. The leaders who use this type of leadership style are confident, warm and friendly and encourage the employees to participate and grow professionally (Makipere & Yip 2008). Democratic leadership

Control System -inkwell Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Control System -inkwell - Coursework Example A review of this system is targeted at enhancing how the company handles its employees’ remuneration and other work packages. In this report, the chosen system for review is the payroll system, whose investigations are expected to provide a summation of the entire accounting system that is in operation in the organisation. A study of Inkwell’s payroll system shall entail an in-depth examination of the organisational activities such as the tax management, tracking of taxes that have been withheld, analysis of the record of hours employees work, and a record of the paychecks issued to employees (Bragg, 2006.p.125-129). To assess the payroll system being used by the company with the motive to provide recommendations for its improvement in efficient employee management. The payroll system, being a core accounting system is essential to the management as it streamlines the organisation’s ability to stay on top of its regulatory and legal responsibilities. Therefore, this report shall seek to identify the weaknesses within the organisation’s payroll system, and determine the needs that require improvement. Therefore, the report shall outline the cost-benefits analysis of implementing the payroll system’s improvements in Inkwell Limited (Bragg, 2003.p.85-92). It is expected that as a result of this review, it would be possible for the payroll system being used to effectively process payroll reports that can be used to make tax withholding summaries. The covering of this system’s evaluation in this report has been achieved as part of an accounting assessment, which is part of the AAT level 4 accounting. 2.1 Inkwell Limited is a Limited Company with a larger section of its operations majored in the private sector. However, its specialisation in the re-manufacturing or re-cycling of used laser toner and printer cartridges. The company’s sales targets are achieved by distributing its products through a nationwide chain that comprises over 60 high

Abstract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Abstract - Essay Example works and paintings were influence by John Sloan who was a realism artist, Franz Kline and Robert Rauschenberg, who made greater contributions in realism art (Carpenter 2004, 130). He was also inspired by a trip he made to Italy in 2003 which was facilitated by the Newington-Cropsy Travel Grant he had won and which allowed him to travel and study in various countries (American Arts Quarterly 2007, 34). His development also included sketch studies of the various masterworks he came across to enhance his skills. Kassan is most known for his life size hyper realism portraiture. His knowledge of human anatomy extensively helped him in the understanding of the muscular structure beneath the skin make his work to appear to be real and with life thus conveying emotion to people when they view them (Philips 2007, 34). Kassan has also kept up to date with the latest technology by doing a demonstration on finger paint on is apple iPad which was a great hit on YouTube and went viral in six months with one million

Introduction to Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduction to Networking - Essay Example Token Ring describes a Local Area Network (LAN) technology in which stations are organized in a ring topology. In Token Ring, data transmission occurs sequentially from a ring station to the next; initialization of a ring is achieved through circulating a token. When using Token Ring, a station has to capture the token in order to gain the right to transmit data onto the ring. Initial Token Ring products operated at 4 Mbps. However, the 802.5 standard has advanced and supports an operation of 16 Mbps (Carlo, 1998). The Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) refers to a 100 mbps technology, which uses the LAN network and is usually linked through a fiber optic cable. This technology is used in situations where networks require a high speed bandwidth, and require covering vast distances compared to those covered by the copper wires. There are two networks under this category; fiber optic wire based and copper distributed data interface (Gallo & Hancock, 2002). The information I have learnt is useful in the future since I can teach others, who do not have this knowledge. I struggled with trying to understand the differences between the networks architectures presented in this assignment. I discovered that a person can use network bridge devices in extending Ethernet networks. What I can share with fellow students is that diagrams help to understand networking concepts in a superior

Computer Science Term Paper (Follow up) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computer Science Term Paper (Follow up) - Essay Example We live in a digital age. This means that information is stored in digital form on computers often hooked up to the internet. However, with the widespread evolution of information technology, information privacy has also been one of the most controversial issues society faces today. The implementation of protections for information can be viewed from the perspective of the computer scientist or of the user. One can see innovations in software and hardware coming everyday. This can give certain advantages and tools to hackers, spammers and other people. With the use of this, they become more dangerous to information privacy. Information privacy (security) is protected through encryptions, passwords, security update, and by other means. On the other hand, consumers and internet users accept end user license agreements (EULA) as an assurance. Therefore, any personal information protected from inappropriate use or any acts of deception. With the boom of commercial, personal (known as blogs), educational and service provider web sites, through the efforts of licensed and open source programs, various questions have been raised on the ethical implications of these innovations on information privacy. The prevalence of internet crimes related to information privacy has been increasing day by day. Moreover, because technology has been rapidly changing year by year, a long-term approach to internet privacy is still being developed. Nonetheless, an attempt to tackle such issue would not, in any way, resolve the problem. Instead, this paper will provide useful insight on the issue of information privacy, and hopefully as a starting point of future research. The concept of information privacy has been one of the most critical issues. It takes into serious consideration. Imagine a world without information privacy. Credit cardholders would have difficulty purchasing and exchanging vital

Introduction to Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Introduction to Networking - Essay Example Token Ring describes a Local Area Network (LAN) technology in which stations are organized in a ring topology. In Token Ring, data transmission occurs sequentially from a ring station to the next; initialization of a ring is achieved through circulating a token. When using Token Ring, a station has to capture the token in order to gain the right to transmit data onto the ring. Initial Token Ring products operated at 4 Mbps. However, the 802.5 standard has advanced and supports an operation of 16 Mbps (Carlo, 1998). The Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) refers to a 100 mbps technology, which uses the LAN network and is usually linked through a fiber optic cable. This technology is used in situations where networks require a high speed bandwidth, and require covering vast distances compared to those covered by the copper wires. There are two networks under this category; fiber optic wire based and copper distributed data interface (Gallo & Hancock, 2002). The information I have learnt is useful in the future since I can teach others, who do not have this knowledge. I struggled with trying to understand the differences between the networks architectures presented in this assignment. I discovered that a person can use network bridge devices in extending Ethernet networks. What I can share with fellow students is that diagrams help to understand networking concepts in a superior

“Praying with Larry Podder” Allegations Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Praying with Larry Podder† Allegations Essay As you are aware of, there are several allegations being brought upon Playing With God’s newest game on the market, â€Å"Praying with Larry Podder.† I would like to address some of these allegations and how they may affect this company’s top selling product. I believe that we some in-depth investigation, and some possible minor changes to our product, this company can minimize and possibly avoid any legal implications. This morning I was served with a lawsuit from Nintendo claiming that â€Å"Praying with Larry Podder† violates their exclusive right to market games under the â€Å"Harry Potter† label. Also, Warner Brothers is preparing a lawsuit for copyright infringement. As you may know, the storyline for the game â€Å"Praying with Larry Podder† was developed by Larry Bakker, son of corporate board member Jon Bakker. Larry Bakker claims that the storyline is a parody based upon his own life and childhood experiences. I would like to start an in-depth investigation into the possible comparisons between â€Å"Praying With Larry Podder† and â€Å"Harry Potter†. The company lawyers need to sit down with Larry Bakker and question him about his childhood experiences and if the characters and/or storyline in â€Å"Larry Podder† draw any similarities to that of â€Å"Harry Potter†. Also, Larry Bakker needs to be asked if he has received the permission of his Aunt Tammy Faye, a well-known TV Evangelist, to use her likeness as a character in the video game. Finally, it’s very important to talk to the Marketing Department to find out if the â€Å"Praying with Larry Podder† logos and market have any parallels with the â€Å"Harry Potter† trademark. In my opinion, if â€Å"Praying with Larry Podder† is truly created from the childhood experiences of Larry Bakker, an investigation of the facts of Larry Bakker’s past will disprove any similarities to that of the life of Harry Potter. Jon Bakker, father of Larry Bakker, can authenticate the story of Larry Bakker’s life, and can provide evidence nee ded to backup any of the events of Larry’s life that are depicted in the video game. As long as the characters comparison and video game trademarks are not similar  to â€Å"Harry Potter†, the only concern I have is with the possible misinterpreting of the name â€Å"Larry Podder† and â€Å"Harry Potter†, which may be a marketing strategy by the Marketing Department. The name â€Å"Larry Podder† may be considered a parody of â€Å"Harry Potter†. Since copyright law prohibits the use of a copyrighted material without permission of the copyright owner, the freedom of speech principles incorporated in the First Amendment and the fair-use defense can be used to refute any liability of copyright infringement. Even though Praying with God is a Christian organization, the First Amendment does not offer Christian organizations any special protection. My biggest concern with the â€Å"Praying with Larry Podder† is the very close comparison the character of Larry Podder’s aunt to that of Tammy Faye, a well-known TV Evangelist. If permission was not given for the use of Tammy Faye’s likeness in the video game, the company has committed the tort of unauthorized appropriation, which can lead to a future lawsuit from Tammy Faye herself. If permission has not been granted, the video game needs to be redesign such that Larry Podder’s aunt does not look like Tammy Faye. One of the features built into the â€Å"Praying with Larry Podder† video game is that online players can share prayers, sheet music for hymns, and Christian music MP3s. Currently, the file sharing aspects of the game are violating the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). The DMCA criminalizes the production and dissemination of technology and services that circumvent measures that control access to copyrighted work such as MP3 music peer-to-peer file sharing. It is against the law to share copyright material without the permission of the copyright owner. If the file sharing in the game is limited to sharing of non-copyrighted sheet music and bible verses, then the game will not be violating the DMCA. In order to avoid legal implications, the game needs to disable the ability to file share copyrighted materials. The game can continue to function as a peer-to-peer network as long as it places a disclaimer on game stating that all users are to comply with copyright laws and the previsions of licensing agreements that apply to the software. The disclaimer will place the liability into the hands of the individuals that are performing the act of copyright infringement. All in all, my final recommendation is that the distribution of the video game â€Å"Praying with Larry Podder† may continue once all of the issues addressed above are fully investigated. The company should prepare  all evidence necessary to prove that the game is a parody of the life of Larry Bakker. The company needs to ensure that they have the permission of Tammy Faye to use her likeness as a character in the video game. If the permission is not granted, the character appearance of the aunt needs to be altered to ensure it does not reflect the likeness of Tammy Faye. Finally, the company shall disable the ability for file sharing of copyrighted material, and add a disclaimer to the game stating that only non-copyrighted materials may be shared. Once all of the facts are gathered and the problems are resolved, the company may continue to distribute â€Å"Praying with Larry Podder†.

Literature Review On Leadership Effectiveness Management Essay

Literature Review On Leadership Effectiveness Management Essay In the previous chapter it was discussed the purpose and reason for this investigative study on leadership effectiveness and its possible mediating affects on subordinate job satisfaction. The chapter will critically review the literature characterised the ideas and topics surrounding: This chapter will seek to critically review the literature surrounding: General concepts and models that have been developed discussed on leadership, competences and job satisfaction Influence of competences on the style of leadership Influence of leadership style on subordinate job satisfaction By reviewing existing literature will aid in highlighting, indentifying and discussing factors of a critical nature thus allowing sound understanding when taking the influences of competences on leadership style and its ripples on subordinate job satisfaction, if any. The contents of this literature review will dispense: A definition and explanation of leadership through the use of academic principles, conceptualization and models where suited. Complimented with competences profiling and subordinate job satisfaction when introduced. The critical evaluation will look at key authors and their insights in the areas of leadership styles and competences. To observe areas which have been the focal points of interest based on the topics being acknowledged, research will be made on leadership style and impact on subordinate job satisfaction. Based on what has been revealed whilst reviewing literature will allowed what has been learnt and to pin any hypostasis by what has been viewed. (Please note that some of these paths may and may not follow suit to allow for consistency) Leadership The concept of leadership has had multi attempts to define and evolve what leadership is more often or not proving to be an enigma for theorists and practitioners. These attempts have grown from fields such as management, psychology, ideology, anthropology and sociology. With so much attention Burns (1978) described the matter by stating that leadership is one of the most observed and least understood phenomena on earth (p. 2). Having been numerous attempts in defining the meaning for the term leadership, this has resulted in taking many interpretations. Stogdill (1974, citied in Northouse, 2007, Pg 2) pointed out in a review of leadership research, there are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are people who have tried to define it. In Stogdills Handbook of Leadership that was revised and expanded by Bass in (1981) highlighted different definitions and conceptions of leadership had previously been reviewed briefly by Morris and Seeman (1950), Shartle (1951a,b , 1956), L.F. Carter (1953), C. A. Gibb (1954, 1969a), and B. M Bass (1960). This is only a small numerical amount compared to Crainer (1995 cited in Mullins 2007, pg363) that it is claimed there are over 400 definitions of leadership and it is a veritable minefield of misunderstanding and difference though which theorists and practitioners must tread warily. At best of times theoretical perspectives define the concepts being views as a trait, behavioural style, the manipulation of individuals and groups derived through interaction, influence to gain followers and the situation in which its attended. The constant upheaval of leadership suggests that many investigators see leadership as a key structural beam for organisational effectiveness and its influences on the performance; OEs arent just segmented to monetary turnover but a measure of a dependant variable that is employee job satisfaction (Robbins, 2003). Traits Theory of Leadership From the 1930s the trait theory of leadership have been under Jerry et al (1984) , Wexley et al (1984), Smelser et al (2002) Moran et al (2007) Behavioral Theories of Leadership Michigan Ohio Situational Theories of Leadership The theory of situation leadership primary principle distinguishing leadership effectiveness in an particular situation and also what leadership style is most suited to be active in that situation. Most, if not all situational theory hinges on that the style of leadership obtained by a manager should acknowledge sets of circumstances: Management elements such as competencies, personalities and drive Employee elements such as needs derived from personalities, drive and skills Group effectiveness such as task, structure and development Organisational procedures such as standards, rules, power and timing The idea of situational leadership have recognisable and influential models that circulate around this phenomenon, these are indentified as: Fiedlers Model Contingency Houses Model of Path-Goal Fiedlers Contingency Model Fieldler (1967) based his theory on explaining that two variables that have a direct impact the performance of a group. These two variables are widely known as style of leadership and situational favourability. Fiedler (1967) asserted that the most profound leadership trait and situational favourability is distinguished by their similarity that causes the effectiveness of a leader. When leadership trait is said; it is the personality that causes relationship-oriented or task-oriented leader. Fielders contingency theory has come under criticism like most theorists do. The criticism came from the likes of Ashour (1973) Vecchio, (1977) (1983) which suggest the method of measuring the variables and the empirical research conducted were insufficient in allowing for the theory to have any validly. Such an observation is farcical simply because Fiedler has spent years tuning and perfecting his well established and used theory. Houses Path-Goal Model House (1971) based his theory from Vrooms expectancy theory. House (1971) suggests in order for a leader to motivate its subordinates by a way of two means firstly to recognise between individual subordinate needs and an organisations goal(s) by understanding the relationship between the two factors and secondly the leader must state and ease the chosen course not only for the organisational goal(s) but as well as fulfilling their own individual needs. Houses path-goal theory is very much influenced on situational characteristics. Thus allowing its ability to predict the effects it has on behavioural structuring. House also suggests the expectancies and motivations in subordinates are created through the behaviour of the leader this in turn would create job satisfaction by subordinates recognising their capabilities and the weight they perceive their job would get results. Drenth et al (1998) raised a number of criticisms regarding the path-goal theory they asserted that Houses theory doesnt cultivate the collective members as a whole based on behaviour and performance. Secondly they highlight the relationship between leadership behaviours and the group may be heavily influenced by environmental interactions. Lastly it is suggested that when empirical studies are conducted using the path-goal theory most enthusiasts use standardised leadership styles to measure the variable of effectiveness. Morden Management LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES AND SKILLS JOB SATISFACTION Fulfilment Theory Discrepancy Theory Equity Theory Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory Focal Theoretical Research Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper Row. Robbins, S.P, (2003). Organisational Behaviour. 10th Ed. Pearson Education, New Jersey Jerry, L., Gray, A., Starke, F. (1984). Organizational behaviour: Concepts and applications. New York: A Bell and Howell Co. Inc. Wexley, K, N., Yukl, G. A., (1984). Organizational behaviour and personnel psychology. US: Richard D Irwin Smelser, N, J., Baltes, P, B., (2002) International encyclopedia of the social behavioral sciences. Oxford: Elsevier Inc Moran, R. T., Harris, P,R.,, Moran, S. V., (2007) Managing cultural differences: global leadership strategies for the 21st century 7th ed. Oxford: Elsevier Mullins, Laurie J. (2007) Management and organisational behaviour / Laurie J. Mullins . 8th ed. . Harlow : Financial Times Prentice Hall Northouse, P, G., (2007) Leadership Theory and Practice 4th ed. United Kingdom: Sage Publications. Bass, B, M., (1981) Stogdills Handbook of Leadership Revised and expanded Edition. New York: The Free Press Gordon, J. R. (1987). A diagnostic approach to organizational behavior. New York: Allyn and Boston Fiedler, F. E. (1967) A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness, New York: McGraw-Hill. Vecchio, R. P. (1977) An Empirical Examination of the Validity of Fiedlers Model of Leadership Effectiveness, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 19: 180-206. Vecchio, Robert P (1983) Assessing the Validity of Fiedlers Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness: A Closer look at Strube and Garcia, Psychological Bulletin 93: 404-8 Ashour, A. S. (1973) The Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness: An Evaluation, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 9(3): 339-55. Lawler, E. E., III (1973). Motivation in work organizations. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company: Monterrey, CA. Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational behavior and human performance. In E. E. Lawler (1973). Motivation in work organizations. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company: Monterrey, CA. House, R, J., A Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Effectiveness, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. XVI(1971), 321-38 Drenth, D J P., Thierry, H., De Wolff, J, C., 1998 A Handbook Of Work And: Organizational Psychology united kingdom Psychology Press Ltd

The Death Of Liberal America Essay -- essays research papers

Americans seem to have lost any sense whatsoever of what liberalism means and what it strives to insure. Liberals have insisted that tyranny can only be combated by the multiplication and fragmentation of power. A free society is one in which there are various centers of power, various positions from which people have the ability to influence decisions. That’s the whole point behind creating three branches of government, the vaunted â€Å"separation of powers.† Liberalism aims to insure peace and prevent tyranny in pluralistic societies. Liberalism strives to place lots of individual actions outside the pale of politics and beyond interference from the state or other powers. And, culturally, it strives to promote tolerance, where tolerance is, at a minimum, indifference to the choices and actions of others and, at best, a recognition that diversity yields some social benefits. Liberalism guarantees through freedoms of speech, the press, and association, and through the institutional mechanisms of election, jury trials, and legislative deliberations, the active engagement of citizens with one another. Liberals should promote in every way possible the existence of a vibrant, accessible, and uncensored civil society. In short, liberalism proliferates the occasions where citizens of different opinions, backgrounds, creeds etc. mingle with one another, express their views, and argue about specific issues. And in some, but not all cases, these settings have to move to a decision that is then accepted, even when not very satisfying, by all the parties involved. Democratic procedures of decision making which guarantee to all interested parties their chance to say their piece (their chance to sway others by argument), and use the vote and majority rule to adjudicate differences, are a vital liberal expedient for keeping the peace. That’s because democracy, amazingly enough, has proven an astoundingly effective way to get people to accept - peacefully - the fact that they have ended up on the losing side of a political debate that was resolved by a vote. Liberalism, we might say, relies to some extent on the desire of all the participants to maintain the social peace. But even more fundamentally, it expects that the process of deliberation will move participants to an appreciation of the others involved, and the desire to come to an eventual decision that satisfies as m... ... strife. There are few things worse in this world than sectarian violence. Do the Republicans really know what fire they are playing with when they encourage sectarian divisiveness? And just look at the electoral map of the past two presidential elections. The South and the West are lined up against the Pacific Coast States and the North. We haven’t had such a regional divide since 1860. How long can California and the Northeast be shut out from national power? A population hardened into set divisions, a population without a big percentage of swing voters is in bad shape; a population where those divisions correspond to geographic boundaries is really courting disaster. If the South and West maintain their current coalition, we have a reversion to the regionalism that culminated in the Civil War. Certainly, there is plenty of evidence to suggest that the South continues to be the fly in the ointment of American democracy. It has never been as fluid in its awarding of votes in national elections as the other regions, and that has been a constant problem. The fact remains â€Å"If you aren’t outraged, you aren’t paying attention.† Seems like a lot of people aren’t paying attention.

Essay --

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an infection provoked by a group of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that reside on the exterior of people’s skin and inside of the nose. This bacterium is typically innocuous; however, it can cause infections in various parts of the body because is resistant to a number of commonly used antibiotics which makes the infection extremely difficult to cure. MRSA has several symptoms including infectious skin, but sometimes it can cause serious infections inside of the body. To diagnose MRSA most commonly a lab test is done to the infected area of the skin, but depending on the patients symptoms a urine, sputum, or blood test can be done. Accordingly, MRSA is treatable with exiguous antibiotics that are still effective, depending on the severity of the infection and its location in the body. Continually, Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium that lives in one’s body; nonetheless, it can be problematic if it gets inside of the body because it can cause an infection. MRSA can be spread from one person to another by skin to skin con... Essay -- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an infection provoked by a group of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that reside on the exterior of people’s skin and inside of the nose. This bacterium is typically innocuous; however, it can cause infections in various parts of the body because is resistant to a number of commonly used antibiotics which makes the infection extremely difficult to cure. MRSA has several symptoms including infectious skin, but sometimes it can cause serious infections inside of the body. To diagnose MRSA most commonly a lab test is done to the infected area of the skin, but depending on the patients symptoms a urine, sputum, or blood test can be done. Accordingly, MRSA is treatable with exiguous antibiotics that are still effective, depending on the severity of the infection and its location in the body. Continually, Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium that lives in one’s body; nonetheless, it can be problematic if it gets inside of the body because it can cause an infection. MRSA can be spread from one person to another by skin to skin con...

Guernica, Picasso 1937

The Spanish painter Picasso was a cubist and his worldwide famous ‘Queering' is a mural-sized flat oil painting on canvas (3. 5 meters tall and 7. 8 meters wide). It is all grey, blacks and whites and was painted in 1937. Picasso started the painting when he heard that the Germans had Just bombed the quiet and traditional Basque town of Queering on 26 April 1937 in support of the Spanish Nationalist forces of the Fascist General Franco during the Spanish Civil War.The broken sword near the bottom of the painting symbolizes the defeat of the people at the hand of their tormentors. The shape and posture of the bodies express protest, Picasso uses black, white, and grey paint to set a dark, sober mood and express pain and chaos, buildings in flames and crumbling walls not only express the destruction of Queering, but reflect the destructive power of civil war. The newspaper print used in the painting reflects how Picasso learned of the massacre and the light bulb in the painting r epresents the sun.Picasso monumental work showed the effect on both people and animals. The distorted forms and the monochromatic palette clearly show the grief of the people for example, he shows a fighter and a mother and child tit displaced features and ghost like forms along with a woman on fire running from a burning building. The fine patterns in the centre of the painting resembles words on torn pieces of newspaper, suggesting that art is as powerful as the mass media in communicating a message.Chaos and despair are amplified by sharp, angular shapes, particularly the bold triangular form at the centre of the painting and vivid contrasts of light and shade. On May 11 1937, he made the first sketch for the mural. By the tenth of May, he had already begun work on the canvas. And in early June, the mural was completed. There are about 100 recorded sketches relating to the mural, some made before Picasso started working on the canvas, and others done simultaneously with the paint ing.In some of the sketches, Picasso experimented with color. Even when the mural was almost completed, the artist stuck pieces of patterned wallpaper onto the canvas to determine the effect of color of the composition. Charcoal and oil paint were the main materials Picasso had used on his painting. Picasso had to use a ladder and a long-handled brush to reach the retest part of his artwork. An enormous size of the stretched canvas, measuring 3. 5 x 7. meters and so had to be tilted to fit under the rafters of the ceiling, and dim lighting from bay windows on one side of the studio, failed to interfere with action or progress. The painting was completed in twenty-four mad and wild days. Streams of ideas, emotions, traditions, myths, obsessions and symbols of his roots deeply surrounded in Hispanic and Mediterranean culture spilled onto the canvas. These were fuelled by anger and a need to express his pain. Queering, Picasso 1937 By cherry's

City Life Verses Country Life

City life v/s Country Life Many people would rather live in the city rather than the country to the fact that the city has more jobs, bus lines to commute to and from. The city life also has a higher crime rate than the country, pollution and a higher cost of living. First of all, I love the country life because I’m able to grow my own garden, raise farm animals compared to the city I wouldn’t be able to raise horses or cows in the city limits.Also living in the country I will be in a less polluted atmosphere away from the noise of the busy streets and people . By living in the country I wouldn’t have to spend as much money on gas I could possibly travel by horse to get to my destination. City living is also known for having high crime rates as to the country is much less, I would rather raise my children in a safe country cottage than a city high rise apartment.Even though it’s harder to receive all the great benefits of the city life such internet/cable television there are a lot of fun things me and my family can do in the country. With all the great benefits of both country and city living I would definitely say that country living is where I and my family will continue to live for now . As for the city life and people it’s hard to give a place I love and called home for so long.

Media: Celebrities

Coming from a Latin word celeber, the word celebrity means a person widely recognised by the public and the media, person who through his command in the public creates media attention and is widely covered. One of prerequisite of a person being celebrity is fame, but that has to be associated with the media attention. Mass communication play a vital role in making someone celebrity as the person can be famous and well known but if the media is not piqued by that person, then the person cannot reach the celebrity level.People become celebrities in accordance to their professions, what they do to the public; this can be politicians or Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of certain large organisations such as Bill Gates, who stepped out of it few months ago, but still a celebrity. Celebrities to be in that status with the help of media are being known across the world, meaning can be famous not only in their countries but even outside their countries, and this category caters especially to th e politicians and actors and actresses.Religious leaders example Bishop Desmond Tutu for his involvement in freedom fight in South Africa and cultural leaders such as Dalai Lama of China for his outstanding performance in fighting for the rights of Tibet people; these people can be famous not only in their countries but not abroad due to their extensive coverage in the media. Excellence in sports also can make people famous not only in their countries but even worldwide such as Serena and Venus Williams are known globally due to their excellent performance in Tennis sport.Apart from sports, some people become celebrated due to their nature of their professions especially the highly paid ones which make them in contact with the media in most of their work schedules. These include people in the media presenters who are highly paid and well respected due to their exceptional work to the public, interior decorators, movie producers and sports coaches to mention a few who have caught the media attention and have been covered in mass entertainment.Some people become celebrities due to their family backgrounds, especially if some member of family were and are celebrities. This is found mostly in families engaged in music and movies industries like Jacksons, Winans and Osbournes while for politician families we can say Bushes, Clinton and Kennedys in United States of America (USA).Nevertheless, in accordance with the definition of celebrity that is something that has to be commanded by a person both in public and through the media, most of people must asking themselves how these people have earned the celebrity title. Due to this some scholars did start studying this celebrity phenomenon, by looking at the celebrity characteristics, psychology and even the interaction with the members of public, which makes people sometimes get too carried away with the celebrity worship. In America the number of people worshipping celebrities keeps on going up which has even affected people psychologically. Famously the syndrome now is known as celebrity-worship syndrome (CWS), the term invented by media but psychologists call it Celebrity Worship Scale (WCS).This situation has made people to look closely to the whole issue of celebrity, its attachment with the society and how people are reacting to it. Why people acting they way they do to the point of stalking celebrities. In survey conducted in USA, more people are affected by CWS which has led to people seek psychological help as Kate Douglas portrayed in her article when you wish upon a star, â€Å"Psychologists are starting to suspect that worshipping celebrities is the top of a slippery slope that leads to depression, anxiety and psychosis.† (Douglas Kate, When you wish upon a star, 2003).The effect is not only to the celebrities themselves, but the public also get affected by the whole issue of celebrity. Most of people wishing to be stars so as to be treated like star especially due to the media coverage these people get. Studying celebrity academically can help the society understand both parts that means celebrities themselves and the public which is affected by the concept of celebrity.The effect is much grave especially to the adolescents who spend most of their time wishing to be star, having cuttings and pictures of stars in their rooms and things they possess. Yes teenagers can think about celebrities as it is bring sense of social attachment, but not that excessively which affect the way of thinking of these teenagers or even adult for that matter which sometimes experience difficulties when encountered with problems.The effect if not dealt with early leads to more effects such as disorder to the worshipers like stalking celebrities or disillusion stalker gets that celebrity is love with him/her. The situation apart from stalking stars and celebrities, some of fans are copying what these celebrities are doing even if are bad things. This condition has sparked a lot of academics into researching the issue of celebrity and looking deeply for its effects to the society.An example that can be used here is the case of John Warnock Hinckley, Jr. who stalked Judie Foster after watching the Taxi Driver movie. He was seeking Judie’s attention to the point of following her to another state, the situation led into Hinckley attempting to assassinate President Ronald Regan in 1981 so as to catch Judie’s attention. He was later charged but found not guilty on basis of insanity and admitted at Saint Elizabeth in Washington DC. With experience like this studying celebrity should be taken into account as to understand psychological effects that associate with celebrities.The effect does not end to the fans only, but celebrities too are affected by the whole idea of being celebrity. Celebrities sometimes are also affected with the way society take them, their image and sometimes they are supposed to do things which is not in their heart simply be cause they have to comply with public especially in maintaining good image. The good image does not necessarily be the star image but sometimes can be the image of the organisations they are representing. This notion tend to make celebrities pretend sometimes especially in front of members of media and photographers.In his book The Image (1961), historian Daniel Boorstin criticised the way American society was living where it was heading concerning public image. The image that keeps on being fabricated and staged by the influential people especially politicians, movie stars and other celebrities. â€Å"Just as there were now counterfeit events, so, he said, there were also counterfeit people – celebrities – whose identities were being staged and scripted, to create illusions that often had no relationship to any underlying reality.† (Boorstin Daniel, The Image, 1961). The tendency, which has forced some of celebrities to get depressed and frustrated, hence seeki ng medical help which has led to some psychologists researching into the matter.The good example here can be referred to an icon which has made history in Hollywood, Marilyn Monroe who died by overdose from drugs. Marilyn was under chronic depression which made be constant contact with psychologists but later she paid with her life. Though not most of celebrities in movie industry die by overdosing themselves, but most of them undergo depression, which later on lead into drug addictions.Not only movie superstars experience the other side of the coin, which is depression even politicians and other celebrities do. The good example being Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), the President of America in 1800s has also underwent severe depression too which was claimed to be associated with a horse blow he got when he was 10 years of age, while it sometimes associated with the death of his first love and mother. The only therapy in those days was through churches in Christian moral treatment but L incoln managed to overcome his depression by engaging himself in politics which later on he become a well respected one.Despite the fact that movie icons get into addictions, not all celebrities are like that as there is difference between these two categories. Film star is the one that get his/her stardom due to the participation in movie industry but celebrities can be from any field apart from film industry. Taking examples of film stars the list is long from Tom Cruise, Will Smith, Judie Foster, Meg Ryan and Nicholas Cage to mention a few.In conclusion, it is worthy studying celebrity issues, as it is the only way of understanding the interactions between celebrities and their surroundings, the people they mingle with, how they maintain their personalities and images to the public. Many celebrities are being used to advertise products such as David Beckham, Roberto Carlos and others like Christina Aguilera in Pepsi advert. This advertising involves media and through that people tend to question the authenticity of the products displayed, hence lead to more research on them.Apart from advertisements, studies can be done to the people around celebrities, how are they interacting with them and what effects do they get, but all in all it is worthy a study.Reference:Boorstin Daniel, The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America, 1961Douglas Kate, When you wish upon a star, Newscientist, issue 2408, August 2003www.mindhacks.com/blog/2006/08/star_struck.html

MANAGEMENT FOR CLINICIANS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MANAGEMENT FOR CLINICIANS - Essay Example asks that the healthcare industry re-align itself in such a way as to provide a team that is multi-disciplinary and works together for the good of the patient, that care become more patient centered, and an effort to determine how to use clinical support staff in such a way as to reduce the pressure on the healthcare professionals that are already overwhelmed (Garling report, 2008). This paper will discuss recommendations made by the commission and how shared patient centered care teams can provide much needed care. The patient provider relationship has been changing for some time and with new initiatives will continue to change. Today healthcare is electronic and highly regulated and healthcare workers are faced with increased amounts of accountability in their practice. Consumers are more interested in becoming part of their own healthcare and are reasonably able to contribute when that option is available (Smith, & Barefiled, 2007),. The shortage of professionals in healthcare is not expected to get better anytime soon and may, in fact, get worse. Every possibility of expanding the methods we presently use in supporting those professionals becomes important. This is the time for true patient centered care. This is a growing trend and empowers healthcare consumers and their families with the adaption of patient centered initiatives. Caring Together has determined to create a focus on the patient. In doing that, they have set a goal to make healthcare more efficient as well as more sustainable. They have clearly stated that â€Å"everything must be about the patient.† (Caring Together, pg. 5). This has not been true in the last few years as the amount of paperwork grows and the supervision of support staff has waned. Now, however, is the time to move forward and solve these problems for the betterment of patient care. According to Smith and Barefield (2007), there are seven aspects of patient centered care. Those include, respect for patient’s values,

Human resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human resource Management - Essay Example The three human resource topics that will be emphasize in this analysis are managing sex and gender issues, employee benefits and compensation, and equal employment opportunities. My father’s company currently has only two employees. I envision tremendous growth for this company and within five years it is highly likely the firm could approach a payroll of over 100 employees. One of the topics that must be emphasized by the managers and the human resource department of the company are sex and gender issues. The civil rights and feminism movements of the 1960’s helped women reached equality in the United States. In the past women served the role of housewives. Today there are as many women in the workforce as men. In the 1900 only 19% of women worked, but by 2007 women composed 46% of the labor force (Lee & Mather, 2008). Due to the importance of women in the workplace the company must protect the rights of its workers and provide equal opportunities for employees of bot h sexes. My father’s business will become a place where people feel secured and happy to work there. The best way to achieve that goal is by complying with labor laws to ensure the employees are provided with a safe working environment. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Right Act prohibits sex discrimination in the workplace. â€Å"Title VII applies to private employers, state and local government employers, labor organizations, employment agencies, and joint employer-union apprenticeship programs with 15 or more employees† (Equalrights, 2011). The company will utilize an ethical framework to ensure all employees are respected. Another problem related with gender is a concept known as glass ceiling. The glass ceiling is an invisible barrier that affects the chances of women and minorities to reach the managerial level in an organization due to prejudice (Businessdictionary, 2011). To prevent the glass ceiling from occurring at the organization the firm must hire women and mi norities to become a part of the managerial team as the firm begins to grow. The company must audit its human resource composition every three months. The manager will compare the ethnic and gender composition to determine if the firm’s human resources have a similar composition as the population of the United States. The second human resource issue that the company must manage well is its employee salary and benefit packages. Employees participating in the U.S. labor force expect to get compensated well. In the United States the average salary is $41,673 (Ssa, 2011). The company must perform adequate research on how much each profession is paying in the United States. The salary the company will pay its employees will be equal or higher than the average salary for the profession based on experience. A website that provides excellent information regarding the salaries of different professions based on work experience is Salary.com (Salary, 2011). The company will be able to m aintain a higher employee retention rate if the firm pays competitive salaries. A second component of a total compensation package is the benefits. In today’s economy sometimes employees value benefit as much if not more than salary. The employees knows that a salary can be replaced by getting a different job, but a job that offers tremendous benefits are hard to